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MLA Citations (9th ed.): Formatting & Ordering Your Works Cited

This guide will help you format your paper and cite your sources according to MLA.

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Works Cited Basics

In a research paper, the Works Cited list is usually placed at the end, after any endnotes. In other forms of academic work, the list may appear elsewhere.

For example, if you are doing a Powerpoint presentation, include brief citations on each slide that uses borrowed material and add a works-cited list on a slide at the end.

Or, if you are doing a web-based project, you could link your citations to the online materials you cite. Then add a works-cited list as an appendix to the project. 

 

Page title - The words Works Cited should appear centered one inch from the top of the page. If you have only 1 citation the title should be Work Cited

 

Alignment - The first line of each entry should align with the left margin. All subsequent lines should be indented 5 spaces or set a hanging indent at 1/2 inch. If creation of a hanging indentation is difficult--in certain digital projects, for example--leaving an extra space between entries serves the same purpose. 

Letter-by-letter Alphabetization

The works cited list is put into alphabetical order by the authors' names, determined by the letters that come before the commas separating the authors' last and first names. Other punctuation marks and spaces are ignored.

The letters following the commas are considered only when two or more last names are identical.

Examples:

     Descartes, René
     De Sica, Vittorio

     MacDonald, George
     McCullers, Carson

     Morris, Robert
     Morris, William
     Morrison, Toni

     Saint-Exupéry, Antoine de
     St. Denis, Ruth

Special characters (i.e. @) and accents (é vs. e) should be ignored when alphabetizing. 

Alphabetizing by Title

Alphabetize an entry in your works cited by title in two situations:

  1. No author is named at the start of the entry
  2. The work's author appears at the start of more than one entry

Alphabetize titles letter by letter, ignoring any initial AAn, or The or the equivalent in other languages. If the title begins with a numeral, alphabetize the title as if the numeral were spelled out.