Reports, like journal articles, usually cover original research, but they may or may not be peer-reviewed. There are many kinds of reports, including:
Gray literature includes reports, but also:
It is optional–but often helpful–to describe these types of gray literature in square brackets after the title.
When the publisher is the same as the author, omit the publisher from the source element.
Institute of Education Sciences. (2023). Report on the Continuation of Education 2023 (NCES 2023-144). U. S. Department of Education. https://nces.ed.gov/pubs2023/2023144.pdf
National Institute of Mental Health. (2021). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults: What you need to know (NIH Publication No. 21-MH-3572). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/adhd-what-you-need-to-know
Parenthetical citations: (Institute of Education Sciences, 2023; National Institute of Mental Health, 2021)
Narrative citations: Institute of Education Sciences (2023) and the National Institute of Mental Health (2021)
Kachnowski, V. M., Kitchens, C., & Syckes, C. (2023, January). Weighing the impact of simple possession of marijuana: Trends and sentencing in the federal system. United States Sentencing Commission.
https://www.ussc.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/research-and-publications/research-publications/2023/20230509_Marijuana-Possession.pdf
Nicholson, J. R. (2018, January 5). Digital trade in North America. U. S. Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, Office of the Chief Economist.
https://www.commerce.gov/sites/default/files/media/files/2018/digital-trade-in-north-america.pdf
Parenthetical citations: (Kachnowski, 2023; Nicholson, 2018)
Narrative citations: Kachnowski (2023) and Nicholson (2018)
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2021). Australia's welfare 2021: Data insights (Australia's Welfare Series no. 15. AUS 236). https://doi.org/10.25816/zghn-md15
Blackwell, D. L., Lucas, J. W., & Clarke, T. C. (2014). Summary health statistics for U.S. adults: National Health Interview Survey, 2012 (Vital and Health Statistics Series 10, Issue 260). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_10/sr10_260.pdf
Parenthetical citations: (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2021; Blackwell et al., 2014)
Narrative citations: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2021) and Blackwell et al. (2014)
British Cardiovascular Society Working Group. (2020). The future of cardiology. British Cardiovascular Society. https://www.britishcardiovascularsociety.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/21142/BCS-Future-of-Cardiology-17-Aug-2020.pdf
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. (2019). Ninth annual report to Congress on high-priority evidence gaps for clinical preventive services. https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Name/ninth-annual-report-to-congress-on-high-priority-evidence-gaps-for-clinical-preventive-services
Parenthetical citations: (British Cardiovascular Working Group, 2020; U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, 2019)
Narrative citations: British Cardiovascular Working Group (2020) and U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (2019)
Starbucks Corporation. (2009, November 20). Form 10-K. U. S. Securites and Exchange Commission. https://www.sec.gov/ixviewer/ix.html?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/829224/000082922423000058/sbux-20231001.htm
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. (2022). Fiscal year 2022 agency financial report. https://www.sec.gov/files/sec-2022-agency-financial-report.pdf
Parenthetical citation: (Starbucks Corporation, 2009; U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, 2022)
Narrative citation: Starbucks Corporation (2009) and U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (2022)
American Nurses Association. (2015). Code of ethics for nurses with interpretive statements. https://www.nursingworld.org/coe-view-only
American Psychological Association. (2017). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct (2002, amended effective June 1, 2010, and January 1, 2017). https://www.apa.org/ethics/code/index.aspx
Parenthetical citations: (American Nurses Association, 2015; American Psychological Association, 2017)
Narrative citations: American Nurses Association (2015) and American Psychological Association (2017)
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2023, August 4). FDA approves first oral treatment for postpartum depression [Press release]. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-oral-treatment-postpartum-depression
Parenthetical citation: (U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 2023)
Narrative citation: U.S. Food and Drug Administration (2023)
Ouimet, K., Yan, R., & Zheng, Y. (2023). Prioritized device actions triggered by device scan data (U.S. Patent No. 0222155A1). U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/ ee/84/b2/44ecffca2eb222/US20230222155A1.pdf
Parenthetical citation: (Ouimet et al., 2023)
Narrative citation: Ouimet et al. (2023)